Monday, December 9, 2013

Limiting Suffering to Maximize Happiness


                Everyone is constantly pursuing happiness, and live their lives ultimately to achieve happiness. Everyone has their own ideal situation that they see as their goal, where they will be most happy, and everyone has their own way of achieving that goal. Buddhism approaches this through their belief of the nutriments of life. Buddha described these four nutriments- edible food, sense impressions, intention, and consciousness- as nutriments that “lead to our happiness or suffering.” (Hanh, 30) Our ability to understand these nutriments and use them to our benefit could ultimately lead to happiness according to Buddhism. We must be aware of what we take in from the world and what we put back into it, attempting to take that which is beneficial to us and those around us, and minimizing the negativity.
               
The first step of maximizing happiness from the four types of nutriment is the realization that the suffering is present. Buddhism states that we must be able to recognize our suffering and the origin of our suffering in order to eventually be able to overcome it. Hanh states that “if you keep your suffering to yourself, it will likely grow bigger every day.” (Hanh, 36) The first turning of the wheel of dharma is “Recognition,” and that recognition is necessary to determine what nutriments are introducing toxins into your life. Only once we identify the problem can we begin to solve it.

Buddha described the 4 nutriments that could lead us to happiness or suffering, and our ability to harness those 4 nutriments would contribute to a happier life. The first of these is the nutriment of edible food. Mental and physical suffering can come from the food and drink that we consume, so we must be aware what we are feeding our body. We have to choose the foods that are nutritious and healthy and not always take what looks the most appealing (like a candy bar) or a quick cheap meal such as a fast food restaurant. Though it might solve our hunger, it is also harming our body by ingesting highly processed goods, and is a “toxin” in our body according to Buddhism. Buddhism doesn’t talk only about the actual food choices, but also how the food is grown. Naturally grown products contain much less toxins than the same product grown with all of the modern pesticides, genetically altered plants and animals, and therefore in the minds of Buddhists contain more toxins. I constantly try to watch the food that I put into my body, eating many balanced meals that are very nutritious and avoiding junk food high in fat that would fill me up. There are always fast food restaurants advertising tasty new burgers and milkshakes that are very inexpensive, and that tempt my to buy them as I drive past them on my way home. Instead of caving and eating three double cheeseburgers, a large fry, and a vanilla milkshake, eating tons of empty calories and fake meat, ingesting a ton of toxins, I would choose to avoid the unnecessary toxins and cook my own nutritious dinner, benefitting my well-being at the same time as maximizing happiness by minimizing the toxins in my system.

Next, we can take in many toxins through our sense organs; our eyes, ears, nose, body, tongue, and mind.  Everything we experience is through these organs, and we must influence what is taken in by these senses to limit the toxins introduced to our body. Everything that we come into contact with in our daily lives enters our conscious, and influences our thoughts and actions. Everything we experience can “stimulate our cravings– for possessions, sex, food, etc.,”(Hanh, 31) and because of that we must limit our interactions and control our cravings to limit the toxins in our body. We need to learn to avoid the aspects that stimulate negative thoughts and protect against the formation of those thoughts, as they can produce toxins that are harmful to us. In everyday life, when trying to focus on a task, I am faced with many distractions, such as television shows or video games, that cause me to want to be lazy, or could even cause me to act unrationally as the characters of those shows or games had, and act in (for example) hatred or violence. The toxins produced from these cravings must be protected against by understanding the intent of the ads and even avoiding aspects that we know will poison us.

The third nutriment is that of “volition, intention and will, that causes us to desire us to obtain whatever it is we want.” (Hanh, 33) When we are motivated to do something or acquire something, it is constantly on our mind. It is a factor into every action we take from that point forward, and is a cause of toxins. While we are constantly trying to acquire whatever it is we are working for, it is constantly causing us the stress of not being able to have it. Whether it be a physical thing like wealth or a particular possession or something theoretical like fame or revenge on an enemy, it is a constant part of your everyday thought, and that existence causes stress and suffering and is therefore a toxin to the human body. We must be able to clear our minds of these impurities and stop focusing on what it is that we want to achieve to the point of suffering. It is good to have a goal and strive for it, but to constantly scrutinize yourself on achieving that goal is only detrimental to your success and well-being.

The final nutriment is consciousness, which is composed of all of our past actions and everything that defines us. Everything that we do, everything that we give to this world, has a result that is positive or negative. Every action you make; everything you say and do, leads to what makes up your consciousness, so you must act out of love and give to your community to benefit from consciousness. Toxins arise from your negativity towards others, which shapes how they look at you or your consciousness in a negative way. What you say to others will lead to the actions they perform, and will eventually lead back to you in how others look at you as a person. Being constantly aware of my words and actions, making sure not to offend anyone with what you have to say, and doing things that would be considered ‘positive actions’ whether you believe someone is watching you or not are all ways of limiting toxins from consciousness.


We must be aware of the toxins that we are ingesting to be able to limit them, and the ability to limit these toxins and rid them from our life will determine how much we experience suffering and happiness.  Ensuring the foods we eat are nutritious, limiting toxins taken in from our sensory organs, stopping worrying about the future, and being conscious of your actions and how they relate to others and back to you is essential to living a happy life according to Buddhism. Buddhism teaches that you must be aware of the presence of these four nutriments, and must be able to take the good out of them while limiting the bad toxins in order to be happy and arise from your suffering. 

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